Insert results of a stored procedure into a temporary table

Well, you do have to create a temp table, but it doesn't have to have the right schema....I've created a stored procedure that modifies an existing temp table so that it has the required columns with the right data type and order (dropping all existing columns, adding new columns):

GO
create procedure #TempTableForSP(@tableId int, @procedureId int)
as
begin
declare @tableName varchar(max) = (select name
from tempdb.sys.tables
where object_id = @tableId
);
declare @tsql nvarchar(max);
declare @tempId nvarchar(max) = newid();
set @tsql = '
declare @drop nvarchar(max) = (select ''alter table tempdb.dbo.' + @tableName
+ ' drop column '' + quotename(c.name) + '';''+ char(10)
from tempdb.sys.columns c
where c.object_id = ' +
cast(@tableId as varchar(max)) + '
for xml path('''')
)
alter table tempdb.dbo.' + @tableName + ' add ' + QUOTENAME(@tempId) + ' int;
exec sp_executeSQL @drop;
declare @add nvarchar(max) = (
select ''alter table ' + @tableName
+ ' add '' + name
+ '' '' + system_type_name
+ case when d.is_nullable=1 then '' null '' else '''' end
+ char(10)
from sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set_for_object('
+ cast(@procedureId as varchar(max)) + ', 0) d
order by column_ordinal
for xml path(''''))

execute sp_executeSQL @add;
alter table ' + @tableName + ' drop column ' + quotename(@tempId) + ' ';
execute sp_executeSQL @tsql;
end
GO

create table #exampleTable (pk int);

declare @tableId int = object_Id('tempdb..#exampleTable')
declare @procedureId int = object_id('examplestoredProcedure')

exec #TempTableForSP @tableId, @procedureId;

insert into #exampleTable
exec examplestoredProcedure


**Note** this won't work if sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set_for_object can't determine the results of the stored procedure (for instance if it uses a temp table).