Laravel Database Schema, Nullable Foreign

I've these two database tables:

1. User Tables
2. Partner Tables

**User Tables** will handle this kind of informations

Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id')->unique();
$table->string('email')->unique();
$table->string('username')->unique();
$table->string('password', 60);
$table->string('photo')->nullable();
$table->integer('partner_id')->unsigned();
$table->foreign('partner_id')->references('id')->on('partners');
$table->rememberToken();
$table->timestamps();
});

While **Partner Tables** will contains all the user meta information such as first name and last name, etc.

Schema::create('partners', function (Blueprint $table) {

/**
* Identity Columns
*/
$table->increments('id')->unique();
$table->string('first_name');
$table->string('middle_name')->nullable();
$table->string('last_name')->nullable();
$table->string('display_name')->nullable();
$table->string('email')->unique()->nullable();
$table->string('website')->nullable();
$table->string('phone')->nullable();
$table->string('mobile')->nullable();
$table->string('fax')->nullable();
$table->date('birthdate')->nullable();
$table->longText('bio')->nullable();
$table->string('lang')->nullable(); //Language

/**
* Address Columns
*/
$table->text('street')->nullable();
$table->text('street2')->nullable();
$table->integer('country_id')->unsigned(); // foreign
$table->foreign('country_id')->references('id')->on('countries');
$table->integer('state_id')->unsigned(); // foreign
$table->foreign('state_id')->references('id')->on('country_states');
$table->string('city')->nullable();
$table->string('district')->nullable();
$table->string('area')->nullable();
$table->string('zip')->nullable();
});

When a user is register to the site I only want few fields which are, `username`, `email address`, `password`, `first name` and `last name`. These are only the required fields.

So information in partner tables can be filled later after the user have finish registering to the site.

But due to the structure of foreign key, I cannot proceed any further because of this error :

SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`mytable`.`tbl_partners`, CONSTRAINT `partners_country_id_foreign` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `tbl_countries` (`id`)) (SQL: insert into `tbl_partners` (`first_name`, `last_name`, `display_name`, `email`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values (Jack, Wilson, admin, [email protected], 2016-06-09 19:41:18, 2016-06-09 19:41:18))

I know this is cause by the countries table which is required by the partner table.
My question is : is there a work around so I can fill the country or any other non required data on partner table but keep the foreign table schema for countries, states, etc.

Set the `country_id` and the `state_id` nullable, like so.

$table->integer('country_id')->nullable()->unsigned();

$table->integer('state_id')->nullable()->unsigned();

With the latest version of Laravel, you can use the `nullable` method in conjunction of `foreignKey`:

$table
->foreignId('other_table_id')
->nullable() // here
->references('id')
->on('other_table');

For Laravel 7.x I use this way:

$table->bigInteger('word_type_id')->nullable()->unsigned();
$table->index('word_type_id')->nullable();
$table->foreign('word_type_id')->nullable()->references('id')->on('word_types')->onDelete('cascade');

For laravel 7.x to create a nullable foreign key use simply:

$table->foreignId('country_id')->nullable()->constrained();

$table->foreignId('state_id')->nullable()->constrained();

REMEMBER: *nullable* should be **before** *constrained* otherwise the nullable will not be affected.

laravel 8

$table->foreignId('foreign_key_id')->nullable()->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');

Note that if you have references('{column}')->on('{table}') you need to put the nullable()->constrained() before this ie:
```
$table->foreignId('author')->nullable()->constrained()->references('id')->on('users');
```

This is on Laravel 9 but probably earlier too.

Best way is
```
$table->unsignedBigInteger('country_id')->nullable();
$table->foreign('country_id')->references('id')->on('stock_indices')->onDelete('cascade');
```